In the context of medication administration, what does the term 'extravasation' refer to?

The term 'extravasation' specifically refers to the leakage of medication from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissue. This can occur when an intravenous (IV) catheter becomes dislodged or when there is damage to the blood vessel, allowing the medication intended for the bloodstream to seep out. This situation is particularly concerning for medications that are irritants or vesicants, as they can cause significant tissue damage if they leak outside the vein. Understanding this term is crucial for healthcare professionals to prevent complications that may arise from improper administration of IV medications.

The other choices describe different conditions related to medication administration but do not align with the definition of extravasation. An infection at the injection site is related to possible complications from a catheter or needle, inflammation of the vein pertains to phlebitis, and an allergic reaction involves the body's immune response to a medication, all of which are distinct from the concept of extravasation.